![]() 1,2 One study found significant alteration in genome size among several species of Drosophila, which correlated with variation in the amount of repeating sequences, such as TEs. Interestingly, the C-value paradox, or the lack of correlation between genome size and organism complexity, may be addressed by the presence of TEs, as genome size appears to correlate with TE abundance. As mobile genetic elements, TEs are both drivers of evolution and potentially harmful mutagens that may insert within gene-encoding sequences. Also referred to as “jumping genes,” TEs move, or transpose, to different locations throughout the genomes in which they reside. Transposable elements (TEs) exist in the genomes of organisms across all 3 domains of life. This review focuses on the transposition mechanisms and regulatory pathways of TEs, and their functional roles in D. melanogaster and other eukaryotic organisms utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate TEs. These classes are further divided into subgroups of TEs with unique structural and functional characteristics, demonstrating the significant variability among these elements. There are 2 main classes of TEs: DNA transposons and retrotransposons. TEs universally impact host genome size via transposition and deletion events, but may also adopt unique functional roles in host organisms. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for the study of eukaryotic TEs as its genome contains a diverse array of active TEs. As TEs comprise more than 40% of the human genome and are linked to numerous diseases, understanding their mechanisms of mobilization and regulation is important. Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can mobilize within host genomes.
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